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ABSTRACT
Review of Implant Design and Osseointegration
Madhavi Singh , Manish Goutam
ABSTRACT
Dental implants have become a highly predictable treatment modality in modern dentistry. The success of implants is determined by a combination of biological processes and design-related factors, with osseointegration serving as the cornerstone for long-term stability. Implant macrodesign, including body geometry, thread configuration, crest module, and apical modifications, governs primary stability and biomechanical load distribution. Microdesign, encompassing surface roughness, coatings, and biomaterial composition, plays a critical role in enhancing bone-to-implant contact and accelerating secondary stability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of implant design parameters and their impact on osseointegration, discusses recent technological advances, and outlines clinical implications. The article also highlights the biological principles underlying implant integration and examines how design innovations are improving survival rates and long-term outcomes.
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